Operating Systems

This includes the software that manages the hardware and provides services and functionality to other software programs. Examples include Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Virtualization

This involves creating virtual versions of operating systems, applications, or networks on a single physical machine. Virtualization enables multiple applications and operating systems to run on the same hardware.

Cloud Computing

Cloud computing includes services such as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).

Network Infrastructure

This includes routers, switches, firewalls, and other networking devices that enable communication between devices and networks.

Network Services

This includes services such as Domain Name System (DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and other protocols that provide network functionality and services.

Network Security

This includes measures taken to protect networks and devices from unauthorized access, malware, and other security threats.